课堂笔记(二)
★until prep.直到..才; 直到...为止
后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句
1) his father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)
直到他回来,他爸爸才死。
2) his father was alive until he came back. (否定)
直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。
到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die; 活的 : 不加not.
把until作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做?
做了——肯定;
没做——否定.
for he ___a(c)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
a. waited b.didn't wait
a.leave b.left c.didn't leave
i stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
i didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside adv. 外面
作状语
he is waiting for me outside.
it is cold outsid.
★ring(rang.rung) v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)
the telephone(door bell) is ringing.
jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当
给某人打电话 : ring sb.
tomorrow i'll ring you.
打电话(名) : give sb. a ring
remmember to ring me/reember to give me a ring
戒指(名词)
★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈
uncle: 叔叔
cousin: 堂兄妹
nephew: 外甥
niece: 外甥女
★repeat v.重复
【text】
it was sunday. i never get up early on sundays. i sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. last sunday i got up very late. i looked out of the window. it was dark outside. 'what a day!' i thought. 'it's raining again.' just then, the telephone rang. it was my aunt lucy. 'i've just arrived by train,' she said. 'i'm coming to see you.'
'but i'm still having breakfast,' i said.
'what are you doing?' she asked.
'i'm having breakfast,' i repeated.
'dear me,' she said. 'do you always get up so late? it's one o'clock!'
new words and expressions 生词和短语
until prep. 直到
outside adv. 外面
ring v. (铃、电话等)响
aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母
repeat v. 重复
参考译文
那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气!”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。”
“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。
“你在干什么?”她问道。
“我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。
“天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”
【课文讲解】
on sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天
never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)
=not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
i don't like her.=i never like her.
因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时。
look out of :朝窗外看
从...里:from,out of
dark: 天很黑
what a day?
what + a + n.——感叹句
it is terrible day.==> what a terrible day!
what+a/an (+a.)+n.(+主语+谓语)
what a terrible day!
what a good girl (she is)!
what a day!
有上下文和一定的语境，才能省略形容词。
just then: 就在那时
如果不知道对方性别，可以用it取代
who are you?/who is it ?
just只会出现在"现在完成时"
by train
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词，复数)
i go out by bus/on two buses.
如果加修饰词，就要换掉by
i'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你。
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来
go,come leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
dear me:天哪
my god!
my dear!
【key structures】 关键句型
now,often and always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
now——现在进行时(说话的当时正在发生，现阶段正在发生)
often ad always——一般现在时
"现阶段"
i am working as a teacher.
i do.../he does...
i get up...
一般现在时，是一种习惯，真理，是过去，现在和未来都会发生的事情。
现在还在睡觉
he is still sleeping.
频率副词往往放在句子中间，实义动词前，非实义动词后
非实义动词：1.系动词(be)
2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)
3.情态动词：(must,can,may)
p4 exercises
1.are playing; "always" play; is kicking"now"; is running
2.are you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive
join,return,die,land,meet)
"别人用什么时态，你就用什么时态" are you leaving
come
go(i go to bed hungry.形容词做状语)
(rarely 很少) listen
"doesn't work"
feel
【special difficulties】 难点
what+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语
what 对名词感叹
3.he is causing a lot of trouble
名词:trouble
主语:he
动词:is causing
what (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
【multiple choice questions】
5."not early"
late(adj./adv.) lately(adv.)=recently(how are you going lately?)
a
8.a
look(vi.):表示看的动作;后面一定要加介词
see(vt.) : 表示看的结果; 后面直接加宾语
watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语，但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
11.d
lunch :中餐
food :食物
dinner:正餐
meal :一顿饭
频率副词,放在实义动词前，非实义动词后;
如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词.要放在两个之间
疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面