初中英语语法讲座
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes negro---negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：
chinese---chinese japanese---japanese
englishman---englishmen frenchman---frenchmen
russian---russians american---americans
german --- germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：
class five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)
his family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，
our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.
二、 名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况下，指某人的某物用’s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加’s，而应该加-’即可。例如，boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the boss’s handwriting，其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对，jones’s car。
下面我们来做一部分习题。
1. june 1st is ___ day.
a. child’s b. childs’ c. childrens’ d. children’s
答案：d
2. i need ___ paper, mum. i want to write ___ letter to my english teacher.
a. any, some b. some, a c. a, some d. some,any
答案：b
3. there are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
a. knifes, forks b. knifes, fork c. knives, forkes d. knives, forks
答案：d
4. we have got a lot of___ today.
a. newspaper to read b. homework to do c. homeworks to do
d. book to read
答案：b
5. we could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
a. many, many b. much, much c. many, much d. much, many
答案：c
6. will you pass me ___?
a. a few pieces of chalk b. a few chalks c. a few of chalks
d. some chalks
答案：a
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
a. a friend of her b. a friend of hers c. friends of hers
d. friends of her
答案：b
下面请大家自己练习一下。
1. september 10th is ___ day.
a. the teacher b. teachers’ c. teacher d. teacher’s
答案：b
2. ---can i help you, sir?
---i’d like to have 100___. i want the students to draw pictures on them.
a. piece of paper b. pieces of paper c. papers d. paper
答案：b
3. ---would you like ___ milk, please?
---no, thank you. i still have some.
a. some more b. an c. a little of d. all
答案：a
4. ___ the old woman is in!
a. what good health b. how a good health c. what a good health d. how good health
答案：a
① what + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② what + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
③ what + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
④ how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ how + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑥ how + 主语 + 谓语!
5. i’m going to help ___ with ___ english.
a. a friend of nancy, hers b. a friend of nancy’s, her
c. a friend of nancy’s, hers d. a friend of nancy, her
答案：b
6. the two desks here are ___. you may use the desk over there.
a. mary and jane b. marys and janes c. mary and jane’s
d. mary’s and jane’s
答案：d